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Introduction Heart valve surgery has an associated in-hospital mortality rate of 4% to 8% [1] List of Scales The Society of Thoracic Surgeons risk scale Available here Veterans Administrative Risk Score EuroSCORE model Parsonnet score Ambler Score [1] Generic, simple risk stratification model for heart valve surgery. Ambler G, Omar RZ, . . . Read more

10-year risk versus lifetime risk You may have noticed that some scales, such as the Framingham and SCORE scales, uses 10-year cardiovascular risk as their end-point of measurement. The major limitation of these scales is that they miss many people (mainly younger people and women) with substantial lifetime risk but . . . Read more

Background info: JBS2 JBS3 is an update of JBS2 published by the Joint British Societies. A unique aspect of JBS3 is the emphasis upon the lifetime risk of CVD events while previously, all the risk scales developed were used to predict risk of CVD events within a specific time frame . . . Read more

Background info: SCORE Two types of SCORE risk charts: Low risk charts to be used in: Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, The Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, San Marino, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. High risk charts to . . . Read more

Background info: ETHRISK® ETHRISK® is the recalibration of Framingham-Anderson risk score to estimate 10 year risk of CHD and CVD in seven British black and minority ethnic groups. Due to the lack of suitable cohort studies containing black and minority ethnic group, the risk calculator is currently awaiting peer review . . . Read more

Background info: QRISK®2 QRISK®2 is based on a large prospective study in England. QRISK was first introduced in 2007 and has been updated annually. QRISK®2-2011 extends age range to 30 and 84 years from 35-74 years in QRISK®2-2008. QRISK®2-2011 also captures smoking as an ordinal variable involving the five categories non-smoker, former . . . Read more

Background info: ASSIGN ASSIGN is the Scottish response to “calibrate” the Framingham scale to suit its unique social context. ASSIGN went beyond simple “calibration” by substituting the mean values of its own cohort study into the Framingham equation but introduced the idea of social deprivation which is apparent in Scotland. . . . Read more

Background info: JBS2 Joint British Societies recommendation targets at management of cholesterol levels. It is based on Framingham (unclear which version is used, probably Framingham-Anderson). It recommends that > 20% risk is considered sufficiently high to justify the use of anti-hypertensive and lipid lowering therapies, and for some people antiplatelet . . . Read more

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