Background info: QRISK®2 QRISK®2 is based on a large prospective study in England. QRISK was first introduced in 2007 and has been updated annually. QRISK®2-2011 extends age range to 30 and 84 years from 35-74 years in QRISK®2-2008. QRISK®2-2011 also captures smoking as an ordinal variable involving the five categories non-smoker, former . . . Read more

Background info: ASSIGN ASSIGN is the Scottish response to “calibrate” the Framingham scale to suit its unique social context. ASSIGN went beyond simple “calibration” by substituting the mean values of its own cohort study into the Framingham equation but introduced the idea of social deprivation which is apparent in Scotland. . . . Read more

Background info: JBS2 Joint British Societies recommendation targets at management of cholesterol levels. It is based on Framingham (unclear which version is used, probably Framingham-Anderson). It recommends that > 20% risk is considered sufficiently high to justify the use of anti-hypertensive and lipid lowering therapies, and for some people antiplatelet . . . Read more

All content pertaining to the literature search strategy has been temporarily removed while awaiting publication of this content in a peer-reviewed journal.

The principal aim of this literature review is to identify a) the available health measurement scales for prediction of cardiovascular disease events in primary prevention and b) the results of the corresponding validation studies. With a focus on risk scales for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease events, this aim was achieved . . . Read more

To differentiate this Framingham scale from others, some papers have referred to it as the Framingham-D’Agostino scale (after the author) or the Cox-Framingham scale (as it was derived using the Cox proportional hazards model). 1) End-points measured 10-year risk of any cardiovascular disease (CVD) event. CVD is defined to include: . . . Read more

Background info: Framingham-ATP III ATP III is the recommended scale for the control and treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults by the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute of US. ATP III constitute a revised Framingham scale derived from the Framingham-Wilson to measure hard CHD (total CHD without angina . . . Read more

Background info: Framingham-Anderson The Framingham-Anderson scale as originally presented by Anderson et al. has had many names associated with it in the literature, such as “Framingham risk score” or “Framingham heart study algorithm”. For ease of identifying and naming of the many scales developed by the Framingham Heart Study, we have chosen . . . Read more

Background info: Framingham-REGICOR Framingham-REGICOR is not a scale produced by the Framingham Heart Study investigators but an example of a relatively well-studied calibrated Framingham-ATPIII scale to the Spanish population. Framingham-ATPIII was chosen rather than Framingham-Wilson, at first, because the data from the REGICOR registry only contains information for “hard CHD” . . . Read more

Background info: Framingham-Wilson Framingham-Wilson is a scale generated to estimate risk of total CHD in contradistinction to hard CHD (total CHD without angina pectoris) . The Framingham Heart Study used ECG to measure silent MI or angina. However, the application of ECG is often absent in other validation cohort studies, limiting . . . Read more